50 years since the dismissal
Everything you need to know about the 1975 dismissal.
On Tuesday 11 November 1975, politicians, media and members of the public gathered on the steps of Parliament House to listen as the Governor-General's Official Secretary, David Smith, read a proclamation dissolving parliament.
The proclamation announced to the world that Governor-General Sir John Kerr had dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and his government. It was the first and, so far, only time an Australian prime minister and their government has been dismissed.
Key characters
Gough Whitlam
Whitlam was Australia's prime minister on the morning of 11 November 1975. By the afternoon, he was not. Whitlam and his Labor government were dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr to break a parliamentary deadlock. In response, the charismatic Whitlam gave a fiery speech on the steps of Parliament House.
Malcolm Fraser
Fraser was the cool-headed leader of the Opposition. In the weeks leading up to the dismissal, his Liberal-National Country Coalition used their majority in the Senate to block the government's Budget. The goal was to force Whitlam to call an election. Instead, Kerr stepped in to break the deadlock and appoint Fraser caretaker prime minister. Fraser went on to call and win the December 1975 election.
Sir John Kerr
Kerr was governor-general. At Government House, Kerr handed Whitlam a letter dismissing him from his role, ending his prime ministership. Shortly afterwards, Kerr swore in Opposition Leader Malcolm Fraser as caretaker prime minister. Kerr and Whitlam never spoke to one another again.
The press
Word of the dismissal quickly rippled through the Parliament House Press Gallery. Reporters, photographers and videographers jostled on the front steps of Parliament House to capture the action.
The people
Thousands gathered outside Parliament House. Some were drawn by the prospect of witnessing history, others to support Whitlam. The crowd booed and cheered. People chanted 'We want Gough' as David Smith read the proclamation dissolving parliament.
Parliament House
The front steps of Parliament House were the stage for much of the action. From the steps, Smith read the proclamation dissolving parliament and Whitlam delivered his now-famous speech. Meanwhile, within the building, public servants were starting to pack up ministerial offices and papers.
All artwork by Kubi Vasak / Sydney Collage Society
Objects related to the 1975 dismissal
Prime minister's desk
This commanding desk was used by three prime ministers – Gough Whitlam, Malcolm Fraser and Bob Hawke. In use between 1972 and 1988, this desk replaced one designed in 1926 by architect John Smith Murdoch. Learn more
Badge from the 1975 election campaign
This 'Turn on the lights' badge from the 1975 federal election campaign was used by supporters of the Liberal Party. The election was called after the dismissal of the Whitlam government and the appointment of Malcolm Fraser as caretaker prime minister by Governor-General Sir John Kerr. Learn more
Badge from the 1975 election campaign
This 'Kerr must go' badge from the 1975 federal election campaign was used by supporters of the Australian Labor Party. The election was called after the dismissal of the Whitlam government and the appointment of Malcolm Fraser as caretaker prime minister by Governor-General Sir John Kerr. Learn more
1975 Labor campaign record in Greek
This plastic phonograph record contains a campaign song in Greek, recorded for the 1975 federal election. Authorised by the Australian Labor Party, it was an attempt to target the growing number of Greek Australian voters at a time when Australia's demographics were changing. Learn more
Proclamation dissolving parliament, 1975
This copy of Governor-General Sir John Kerr's proclamation was put on the doors of the House of Representatives and the Senate on 11 November 1975, after the dismissal of the Whitlam government and dissolution of parliament. It's not known who put it there, but we do know who took it off. Learn more
Liberal Party how to vote card, 1975
The Liberal card is for the Division of Fraser in the Australian Capital Territory. The 1975 election was the first at which the ACT and Northern Territory elected senators. Former prime minister John Gorton, who had lived in Canberra for many years, ran as an independent candidate. Gorton, who had recently resigned from the Liberal Party, won a respectable 11% of the vote but failed to be elected.
Australian Labor Party how to vote card, 1975
Following the dismissal, Gough Whitlam urged his supporters to 'maintain the rage'. The slogan 'Return Democracy' features on this Labor how to vote card from 1975. Two of the four incumbent women senators going into the 1975 election, Jean Melzer and Margaret Guilfoyle, are on this card. There were no women in the House of Representatives between 1975 and 1980. The only woman in the House, Labor's Joan Child, was defeated at the 1975 election.
Time magazine featuring Malcolm Fraser, 1975
Malcolm Fraser's critics, and even some of his friends, liked to describe him as a dour, stony-faced figure. However, Fraser was an excellent communicator – on the campaign trail he had a clear and effective message for voters. This copy of Time from November 1975 shows the victorious Fraser with a jubilant smile. His taciturn nature may have been a trademark, but this photo shows a different side of his personality.
THE DISMISSAL: WHERE WERE YOU?
Stories and reflections from the day of the 1975 dismissal.
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